California Kingsnake Care Sheet

Scientific Name: Lampropeltis californiae
Common Name: California Kingsnake
Origin: Native to the western United States, primarily found in California, Nevada, Arizona, and northern Mexico.
Adult Size: Typically 3-4 feet in length, though some individuals can grow up to 5 feet.
Lifespan: 15-20 years in captivity with proper care

Basic Information:

California Kingsnakes are one of the most popular pet snakes due to their attractive banding or striped patterns and generally manageable size. Known for their striking black and white, brown and yellow, or cream coloration, these snakes are highly adaptable and thrive in a variety of environments in the wild, from deserts to forests. They are also known for their docile temperament when handled regularly, making them great for both beginner and experienced reptile keepers.

Enclosure Requirements:

Enclosure Size:

  • Juveniles: A 10-20 gallon tank or plastic tub about 16-24 inches long is ideal for hatchlings and juveniles.

  • Adults: A full-grown California Kingsnake will need at least a 20-40 gallon tank or a 36-inch long plastic tub for ample space.

Type of Enclosure:

  • Glass tanks or plastic tubs are both suitable for California Kingsnakes, as long as the enclosure is secure (they are escape artists).

  • Heat Source: An under-tank heater (UTH) is recommended to provide belly heat, aiding digestion. Place it on one side of the enclosure to create a temperature gradient.

Hiding Spots:

  • Provide at least two hides, one on the warm side and one on the cool side, to allow the snake to feel secure while regulating its body temperature.

Water Dish:

  • A shallow water dish should be available at all times with fresh, clean water. Replace the water regularly to maintain cleanliness.

Bedding:

  • Recommended Bedding: Aspen bedding is ideal because it holds burrows and is easy to clean. Other options include paper towels or reptile carpet for a simpler setup. Avoid pine or cedar bedding, as they contain oils that can be harmful to reptiles.

Temperature & Humidity:

Temperature Gradient:

  • Warm Side: 85-90°F

  • Cool Side: 75-80°F

  • Nighttime temperatures can drop to around 70-75°F without causing any issues.

Humidity:

  • California Kingsnakes do not require high humidity. The ambient humidity in most homes (30-50%) is generally sufficient. A slight increase in humidity during shedding can help ensure a smooth shed. Mist lightly if necessary.

Feeding:

  • Diet: California Kingsnakes are known to eat a variety of prey, but in captivity, they primarily feed on mice.

  • Preferred Feeding: Frozen-thawed mice are recommended for convenience and safety.

  • Feeding Frequency:

    • Hatchlings: Feed every 5-7 days

    • Adults: Feed every 7-10 days

  • Live Prey: Live prey can be offered if frozen-thawed mice are refused, but always supervise live feedings to prevent injury to the snake. Remove uneaten prey immediately.

Health & Common Issues:

  • Shedding Problems (Dysecdysis): Inadequate humidity can cause shedding issues. Providing a moist hide or misting lightly during shedding can help.

  • Mouth Rot (Stomatitis): Signs include swollen gums, pus, or a refusal to eat, often caused by injuries or poor hygiene in the enclosure. Keep the habitat clean and monitor for any injuries.

  • Respiratory Infections: These are usually caused by incorrect temperatures or high humidity. Symptoms include wheezing, excess mucus, or open-mouth breathing. Ensure proper temperature and ventilation to avoid these issues.

Temperament & Handling:

  • Juveniles: Young California Kingsnakes can be a bit defensive and quick to squirm, but they typically calm down with regular, gentle handling.

  • Handling Tips:

    • Avoid handling the snake on the day of feeding or for 1-2 days afterward to allow digestion.

    • Approach the snake gently and avoid sudden movements.

    • Start with short handling sessions, gradually increasing the time as the snake becomes more accustomed to being handled.

California Kingsnakes are hardy, fascinating pets that thrive with proper care and handling. With their manageable size and docile temperament, they make excellent companions for reptile enthusiasts of all levels!